Infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) en pacientes femeninas en edad reproductiva con diagnóstico de virus de inmunodeficiencia humana VIH y síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida-SIDA, que asisten a la clínica de enfermedades infecciosas del Hospital Roosevelt / Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in female patients of reproductive age diagnosed with HIV human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-AIDS, attending the clinical infectious diseases Hospital Roosevelt

Objetivo: Determinar el porcentaje de infecciones de transmisión sexual y el estadío clínico más prevalente en pacientes femeninas en edad reproductiva con diagnóstico de virus de inmunodeficiencia humana y de inmunodeficiencia adquirida que asistieron a la Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas del departamento de Medicina Interna del Hospital Roosevelt durante el período de enero 2005 a diciembre de 2009...

Secretory immunoglobulin A: a protective factor in the genital mucosa

The genital mechanisms of defense are not well understood and are therefore ignored during therapy. This fact results in a great number of cases of treatment failure. The mucosa is an important protective factor of the genital female system, through self-defense mechanisms, and secretor antibodies (immunoglobulin A). The lymphoid tissue exerts protective anti-inflammatory activity, besides inhibiting microorganism adherence, neutralizes viruses and toxins and stabilizes the mucosal flora. Although certain microorganisms, such as viruses and fungus, are controlled by cellular immunity, secretory IgA can also exert an important role in the control of these agents.

As defesas do trato genital inferior feminino contra os microrganismos patogênicos / Protection of lower female genital tract against pathogenic microorganisms

A manutenção da homeostase no trato genital inferior feminino é realizada por diferentes elementos da microbiota vaginal e por diferentes mecanismos de defesa presentes nas secreções e mucosa. O Objetivo deste trabalho foi rever a literatura quanto às diferentes respostas imunes do trato genital inferior feminino contra os microrganismos patogênicos e apontar os mecanismos locais de defesa usados frente às alterações da microbiota vaginal, especialmente, na presença de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis. São apresentadas as estratégias iniciais de defesa inespecíficas, como a barreira epitelial da mucosa vaginal, o muco cervical, os lactobacilos, o pH vaginal, as células fagocíticas, a reação inflamatória, as citocinas e o sistema complemento. Também são apresentadas as estratégias de defesa pré-imune e as estratégias de defesa específicas do sistema imune, representadas pelas respostas imunocelular (linfócitos TCD4 e TCD8) e humoral (imunoglobulinas das classes IgA (S-IgA) e IgM (S-IgM) do sistema imune das mucosas e da clase IgG (S-IgG), de origem sistêmica)

Vacunas terapéuticas recombinantes contra el cáncer del cuello uterino / Recombinante therapeutic vaccines against invasive cervical cancer

Durante el desarrollo de cáncer cervicouterino se inducen mecanismos para evadir el sistema inmune, como son la disminución de la expresión de moléculas de antígeno mayor de histocompatibilidad I y la secreción de citocinas por las células tumorales. Como consecuencia de ello, la estimulación de linfocitos T citotóxicos (LTC) y cooperadores (TC), de células asesinas naturales (AN) y macrófagos es muy deficiente. Para inducir una respuesta inmune efectiva contra el tumor, se requiere la estimulación simultánea de múltiples componentes del sistema inmune: por vía sistémica la estimulación de LTC y TC contra epítopos del virus del papiloma humano, y en nivel local. La inducción de la secreción de citocinas por el tumor, para aumentar el procesamiento y la presentación de blancos tumorales, así como la estimulación de los linfocitos, AN y macrófagos que infiltran el tumor

Prevalence of antibodies to Hepatitis C virus in populations at low and high risk for sexually transmited diseases in Rio de Janeiro

In order to investigate the sexual transmission of the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), the prevalence of specific antibodies in populations at high and low risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) was evaluated. The population at low risk for STDs was composed of persons who voluntarity donated blood at the Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF) between July and November, 1990 (n = 2494). The population at high risk for STDs was drawn from an ongoing study on the natural history of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection (n = 210, 187 with sexual risk factors for HIV infection). All samples were screened using a first generation ELISA. Repeat reactive samples were then tested in a second generation RIBA. For all ELISA positive samples, two sex and age-matched ELISA negative controls were selected. Data pertaining to the presence of antibodies to the Hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBC antibodies) and to Treponema pallidum were abstracted from the medical records. The prevalence of RIBA 2 confirmed HCV infection among the blood donors was 2.08%, which is well above the reported prevalence in similar populations from developed western countries. Among the HIV infected homosexuals, the encountered prevalence was 7.96% (p < 0.0005). For the whole group with sexually acquired HIV infection, the prevalence was 8.02% (p < 0.000005). Anti-HBc antibodies were more frequently present in anti-HCV RIBA-2 confirmed positive blood donors than in controls (p < 0.001). 33.3% of the HCV-positive blood donors and 11.04% controls were found to be anti-HBc positive (p < 0.0005). As for the FTA-ABs, 17.6% HCV-positive donors and 4,9% controls were positive (p < 0.01). 5.9% samples from blood donors were both anti-HBc and FTA-ABS positive, whereas none of the controls reacted in both tests (p < 0.05). The association between HCV, Hepatitis B infection and syphilis in individuals at low risk for parenterally transmitted diseases suggests that sexual transmission contributes to the maintenance of the endemicity of HCV in the local population